Sound in the trachea when breathing

When you breathe, if there is a sound in the trachea, it is generally related to the bronchi and trachea. It may be a symptom of bronchial asthma. When this symptom occurs, it is best to go to the hospital for examination. The cause must be determined through formal examinations, and then good treatment should be carried out. In daily life, ordinary people must prevent asthma, especially in winter, and the elderly should pay more attention to this aspect.

How to prevent asthma

1. Preventing the occurrence of asthma - primary prevention

As mentioned above, most patients (especially children) have allergic asthma. The fetal immune response is dominated by Th2. In the late pregnancy, certain factors such as excessive maternal exposure to allergens and viral infections can enhance the Th2 response and aggravate the imbalance of Th1/Th2. This is more obvious if the mother has an allergic constitution, so it should be avoided as much as possible. In addition, there is sufficient evidence to support that maternal smoking can increase the chance of wheezing and asthma in infants after birth, while breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months after birth can reduce the incidence of allergic diseases in infants, and mothers should avoid smoking during pregnancy. These are all important links in preventing the occurrence of asthma. More observation is still needed on the impact of maternal diet on the fetus.

2. Avoid allergens and triggers - secondary prevention

(1) Avoid allergens: Especially for patients with specific constitutions, eliminate or avoid contact with factors that induce asthma as much as possible. Such as house dust mites, pollen, animal fur, foods and drugs that may cause allergies, etc. Patients with occupational asthma should stay away from this occupational environment. As mentioned earlier, there is still controversy over whether respiratory viruses are allergens of asthma, but they are closely related to the occurrence and development of asthma, especially respiratory syncytial virus in children and rhinovirus in adults. Avoiding respiratory viral infections is also an important measure to prevent asthma. (2) Prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis is closely related to asthma. A follow-up study of patients with simple allergic rhinitis for nearly 20 years found that nearly 17% of them developed asthma, which was much higher than the control group (5%). Studies have also shown that 20% to 25% of patients with simple allergic rhinitis have airway hyperresponsiveness (stimulated by histamine or methotrexate), so it is believed that these patients may have "subclinical asthma." Approximately 28% to 50% of patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis. Recent data show that for such patients, if rhinitis can be actively controlled (such as oral non-sedating H1 receptor blockers, nasal inhaled corticosteroids) on the basis of treatment with tracheal inhaled corticosteroids, the frequency of asthma attacks can be significantly reduced and their symptoms can be alleviated. Therefore, active treatment of allergic rhinitis is valuable in preventing the occurrence of asthma and reducing its attacks.

3. Early diagnosis and treatment, control of symptoms, and prevention of disease progression - three-level prevention

(1) Early diagnosis and early treatment: Patients with mild or atypical symptoms (such as simple cough, paroxysmal chest tightness, or shortness of breath and chest tightness after exercise) should be diagnosed as soon as possible. Studies have shown that for patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma, the earlier airway anti-infection treatment (inhaled corticosteroids) is used, the less damage to their future lung function (including the recovery of lung function and the increase in lung function in children with age). Therefore, for the vast majority of patients (except for a few in the "intermittent" period), anti-infection treatment should be carried out once diagnosed. With the standardization of specific immunotherapy, it may become an effective measure for tertiary prevention of patients with allergic asthma. (2) Provide good education and management for asthma patients: Asthma is a chronic disease for which there is currently no cure, but effective prevention and treatment measures can enable patients to live, work and study normally. It is very important to strengthen patient education and management. First, educate patients to understand the nature of asthma, its causes, signs of attacks, types and methods of medication, with special emphasis on long-term anti-inflammatory preventive treatment. Second, educate patients to use a miniature peak flow meter to monitor their condition so that they can take medication in a timely manner when their condition changes.